Written by Steven Hansen
This month exports trend lines accelerated further into positive territory – something positive is happening in international markets. On the other hand, imports have fallen significantly – normally this is a sign of recession in the USA.
Analyst Opinion of Container Movements
This month I must disclaim the analysis. Econintersect uses container movements to model economic activity – and this month the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping have affected the offloading at the Long Beach with imports down 10% year-over-year. On the other hand, the Port of Los Angeles enjoyed record movements.
The Port of Los Angeles handled 798,932 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) in August, its strongest month since 2006. It was the second busiest month in the Port’s 109-year history, eclipsed only by October 2006, when the Port handled 800,063 TEUs. For the first eight months of 2016, year-to-date volumes have increased 4.3 percent compared to 2015.
Exports were not affected by the Hanjin bankruptcy – as the containers would simply be routed on other ships. The Hanjin import containers will eventually be offloaded and add to the data in the following months.
It is significant that export container counts were up in August.which demonstrates there is life in the international markets.
If I were to guess – for economic correlations – I would say container counts are predicting an improvement in USA economic growth in the coming months.
This data set is based on the Ports of LA and Long Beach which account for much (approximately 40%) of the container movement into and out of the United States – and these two ports report their data significantly earlier than other USA ports. Most of the manufactured goods move between countries in sea containers (except larger rolling items such as automobiles). This pulse point is an early indicator of the health of the economy.
Consider that imports final sales are added to GDP usually several months after import – while the import cost itself is subtracted from GDP in the month of import. Export final sales occur around the date of export. Container counts do not include bulk commodities such as oil or autos which are not shipped in containers. For this month:
| Acceleration Month-over-Month | Change from One Year Ago | Year to Date vs. Previous Year | 3 Month Rolling Average vs. Average One Year Ago | Acceleration 3 Month Rolling Average | |
| Imports | -3.9 % | -4.2 % | +2.0 % | -1.4 % | -4.3 % |
| Exports | +12.0 % | +10.3 % | +2.6 % | +2.5 % | +2.0 % |
As the data is very noisy – the best way to look at this data normally is the 3 month rolling averages. There is a direct linkage between imports and USA economic activity – and the change in growth in imports foretells real change in economic growth. Export growth is an indicator of competitiveness and global economic growth.
Unadjusted 3 Month Rolling Average for Container Counts Year-over-Year Change (comparing the 3 month average one year ago to the current 3 month average) – Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Combined – Imports (red line) and Exports (blue line)
z container4.PNG
There is reasonable correlation between the container counts and the US Census trade data also being analyzed by Econintersect. But trade data lags several months after the more timely container counts.
Unadjusted Year-over-Year Change in Container Counts – Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Combined – Exports (red line) and Imports (blue bars)
z container1.PNG
Econintersect considers import and exports significant elements in determining economic health (please see caveats below). recession levels.
Unadjusted Import Container Counts – Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Combined
z container2.PNG
Unadjusted Export Container Counts – Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach Combined
z container3.png
Containers come in many sizes so a uniform method involves expressing the volume of containers in TEU, the volume of a standard 20 foot long sea container. Thus a standard 40 foot container would be 2 TEU.
There is a good correlation between container counts and trade data (the US Census trade data is shown on the graph below). Using container counts gives a two month advance window on trade data.
Inflation Adjusted Year-over-Year Change Imports (blue line) and Exports (red line)
Transport sector growth in general has been trending down since mid-2015.
Caveats on the Use of Container Counts
These are extraordinary times with historical data confused by a massive depression and significant monetary and fiscal intervention by government. Further containers are a relatively new technology and had a 14 year continuous growth streak from 1993 to 2006. There is not enough history to make any associations with economic growth – and we must assume a correlation exists.
Further, it is impossible from this data to understand commodity or goods breakdown (e.g. what is the contents in the containers). Any expansion or contraction cannot be analyzed to understand causation.
Imports are a particularly good tool to view the Main Street economy. Imports overreact to economic changes much like a double ETF making movements easy to see.
Contracting imports historically is a recession marker, as consumers and businesses start to hunker down. Main Street and Wall Street are not necessarily in phase and imports can reflect the direction for Main Street when Wall Street may be saying something different. During some recessions, consumers and businesses hunkered down before the Wall Street recession hit – and in the 2007 recession the contraction began 10 months into the recession.
Above graph with current data (below):
Imports of Goods and Services
Econintersect determines the month-over-month change by subtracting the current month’s year-over-year change from the previous month’s year-over-year change. This is the best of the bad options available to determine month-over-month trends – as the preferred methodology would be to use multi-year data (but the New Normal effects and the Great Recession distort historical data).
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